She emphasized the importance of understanding the context of urbanization in developing countries, particularly in Indonesia. The urbanization process has led to the emergence of informal cities, where development and regional governance occur outside formal planning systems.

Urban informality encompasses various aspects, such as informal settlements (slums), informal economy, and informal governance. These elements are interconnected, forming a complex and dynamic city system.

Despite having comprehensive mechanisms like long-term, medium-term, and annual development plans, as well as national to district-level spatial plans, the formal planning system in Indonesia often fails to effectively manage rapid urban growth.

"There is a mismatch between formal plans and reality on the ground. On the other hand, the informal cities can adapt and respond to people's needs more quickly," she said.

She cited Indonesian villages as an example of "self-organized" communities. Villages are complex systems with structures, rules, and governance that develop independently of formal systems.

"Villages demonstrate local intelligence in managing space and resources. The rules in villages are not only written but also 'understood rules' shared by the community. Examples include gradual house adaptations, flexible use of public spaces, and local governance mechanisms," she explained.

She mentioned that formal and informal cities are two interacting systems. A "hybrid urbanism" approach, combining formal and informal systems, is key to creating sustainable cities that balance societal needs.

"In creating sustainable cities, we need to appreciate local intelligence and actively involve the community. The 'hybrid urbanism' approach can bridge the gap between formal plans and the needs of people in informal cities," she concluded.

Reporter: Hafsah Restu Nurul Annafi (Urban and Regional Planning, 2019)
Translator: Anggi Nurdiani (Management, 2024)
Editor: Ayesha Lativa Mafaza (Postharvest Technology, 2021)